Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is often defined as abdominal pain and discomfort with changing bowel habits, in the absence of any other medical explanation for the symptoms.

​

RISK FACTORS [9]

​

• High rates have been seen in the young. Mostly people under the age of 50 years.

• It has been seen more in females than in males.

• Oestrogen therapy before or after menopause increases the risk.

• Having a family history. That is, a first-degree family member who has IBS increases your risk.

• IBS has been seen to be associated with anxiety, depression and/or other mental illnesses.

• It has been seen that a history of physical, emotional or sexual abuse can increase the risk.

 

CAUSES [9;10]

​

The exact causes of IBS are not known but it has been suggested that it is related to difficulties with digestion and increased sensitivity of the gut. The following factors have been seen to play a role:

• Muscle contractions in the intestine walls which last longer and are stronger than normal can cause gas, bloating and diarrhoea. Contractions which are weak can cause passage of food to be slow which will result in hard and dry stools.

• Irregularities in the nerves that supply your digestive tract can cause discomfort when your abdomen stretched from gas or stool.

• Immune system response which causes inflammation that is associated with pain and diarrhoea.

• Bacteria overgrowth or development of IBS after a bacterial infection (for example, gastroenteritis).

  • NOTE:  gastroenteritis is inflammation of the intestines which is caused by an infection from a virus or bacteria that often causes excessive diarrhoea and/or vomiting. More often seen in children.

• The gut has bacteria which is characterised as “good”. It is said that with people who have IBS, have changes in the form of these bacteria.

 

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

• Abdominal discomfort

• Gas /Flatulence

• Diarrhoea

• Constipation

• Bloating

 

COMPLICATIONS OF DISEASE 

 

Health complications arising from IBS include haemorrhoids (aggravated by diarrhoea and/or constipation), depression, weight loss, vitamin and mineral deficiencies, and psychosocial problems such as interference with work, relationships, friends and family.

​

LIFESTYLE MODIFICATIONS

​

• Having a healthy eating pattern is important in managing your IBS. This would reduce the discomfort and pain you are experiencing. [1]

• Regular exercise may help your digestive system, ease IBS symptoms and improve overall mood. [2]

• Avoid stress as it may make your symptoms worse. Find ways to reduce stress such as relaxation techniques, deep breathing exercises, yoga, meditations, etc. [2]

• Having support groups can help you gain different methods on how to manage your symptoms as it would include sharing concerns, managements and experiences. [1]

• Therapy such as cognitive behavioral therapy can help you develop coping skills and improve overall quality of life. [2]

• Avoid alcohol and smoking as it will aggravate your symptoms. [2]

• Ask your doctor about Probiotic supplements. [1]

 

This is an uncomfortable disorder characterized by dramatic changes in bowel movements such as diarrhea or constipation. Everyday activities may become intolerable due to cramps and abdominal pain. Dietary tips can help improve your symptoms, but medical intervention is important for treatment. [3]

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​